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X particles emit from particles9/1/2023 Structured beams that reconstruct themselves after being distorted by a trapped particle (Bessel beams) have allowed for trapping in multiple planes 12, whereas the far-field Bessel beam can be used as an optical shield assisting with trapping in crowded environments 13. With HOTs, an array of traps can be created to trap multiple particles simultaneously while being able to dynamically change this array pattern, allowing for highly controlled manipulation of particles 8, 9, 10, 11. These structured light traps are a well-established technique today 4, 5 and since most structured beams are created by means of a hologram, they have been dubbed holographic optical tweezers (HOTs) 6, 7. However, the employment of structured light 3 (by varying the intensity, phase and polarization of light) in optical tweezers has made it possible to not only trap but to move, rotate and direct particles. Optical tweezing was first demonstrated by Arthur Ashkin in 1970 with a Gaussian beam 1 and half a century later this beam still dominates optical trapping experiments 2. Optical trapping or tweezing describes the manipulation of nano- to micro-sized particles through momentum transfer from tightly focused light.
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